MU MATEKA IKIBAZO CY’IYOBERA CYAVUTSE GUTE? Hari ikintu cyabaye mu mateka gishaka kuba ukwigaragaza kw’ibyari biteganyijwe ko iyobera ryinjiye mu murongo w’amateka, bityo na ryo rikabamo, rigashinga imizi ku butaka ku butaka mbese rikaba mu bantu. Twabonye ko uko igitekerezo cy’iyobokamana kigendera kure uko kuri, ari ko ko kugenda kurushaho kuba ihame. Noneho rero tugeze…
2.3. Itandukaniro ry’inzira zikoreshwa Ibyo ngiye kuvuga birerekana gusa uburyo buhamye ubwenge bwa muntu bukurikiza, mu gihe bugenda busobanukirwa n’ukuri, bukoresheje impamvu zihagije. Urugero iyo mvuze nti: (a + b) (a − b) = a² − b², mba mvuga ukuri kw’ibarurishamibare (algebra), ukuri kugize urwego rw’ukuri kw’imibare. None se ngera nte ku mwanzuro wo kuvuga…
01 uBUVANGANZO NYEMVUGO Ibisigo, indirimbo, amahamba, amahigi, ibiganiro, ikinamico, imisango… 02 Ubuvanganzo nyandiko Kwandika ibitabo, kwandika amakuru, kwandika amateka, kwandikirana….
2.2. Gukoresha ubwenge mu buryo butubije Ni ngombwa kudashyira imipaka ku busobanuro bwagutse bw’icyo twita ubushobozi bwo kumva ukuri nyakuri (reasonableness). a) Ijambo rational akenshi rifatwa nk’aho rihwanye n’ijambo igishobora gusobanurwa (demonstrable) mu busobanuro bwaryo bukakaye. Nyamara, si ukuri ko ubunararibonye bwose bwa muntu ku bijyanye no kumva ukuri bubarizwa muri iryo huza gusa. Nubwo…
2.1. Icyo gushyira mu gaciro bikeneye bigize kamere y’umuntu Reka tubanze twibaze tuti: “Ni gute tumenya niba imyitwarire runaka isobanutse (reasonableness) cyangwa idasobanutse?” Kubera ko ubusobanuro ari ikiranga ubunararibonye bwacu, ni uko gusa turebye neza ubunararibonye bwacu bwite, dushobora kuvumbura icyo icyo igisobanuro kiranga, dukurikije ihame rya “realism” ryasobanuwe mu gice cya mbere. Ingero zikurikira…
UBUSHOBOZI BWO KUMVA UKURI (Reasonableness): Ihame rya mbere twashingiyeho, ari ryo gukenera kureba ibintu mu buryo bw’ukuri (realism), ryadusabye guha agaciro ka mbere ikintu nyirizina cyigwa. Twanzuye ko uburyo twiga ikintu bugenwa n’icyo kintu ubwacyo; ntabwo ari uburyo umuntu yihimbira uko yishakiye. Ihame rya kabiri, ku rundi ruhande, ryibanda ku muntu ukora cyangwa ugira uruhare…
Hari ikintu cyabaye mu mateka gishaka kuba ukwigaragaza kw’ibyari biteganyijwe ko iyobera ryinjiye mu murongo w’amateka, bityo na ryo rikabamo, rigatera ku butaka mbese rikaba mu bantu. Twabonye ko uko igitekerezo cy’iyobokamana kigendera kure icyifuzo cyo kwiyitiranya n’Imana, ari ko kigenda kirushaho kuba igitekerezo kizima. Noneho rero tugeze aho tugomba guhangana n’iyobokamana nk’ikintu kiriho ariko…
Igihe umuntu ageze imbere y’iyobera rihatse byose, yagerageje gushakisha mu bitekerezo bye igisobanuro cyaryo mu buzima bwe, aremarema uburyo yabana n’Imana ndetse n’uko yagaragaza mu buryo bwiza igitekerezo afite kuri iryo yobera. “Mu icukumbura Adolfo Otto yakoze ku byerekeye uburyo bunyuranye iyobokamana ryigaragaza, uwo muhanga mu Iyigamana no mu mateka y’amadini yerekanye icyo iyobokamana rihatse…
KWIGOMWA KUGIRA NGO WIBOHORE (ASCESIS FOR LIBERATION) Nashakaga rero kuvuga nti: niba dushaka gukura tudashukwa, tudatandukanywa n’ukuri kwacu, tudakubitwa cyangwa kudakorerwa nabi n’abandi, tugomba kwitoza kugereranya byose n’ubu bunararibonye bw’ibanze. Mu by’ukuri, rero, ndatanga inshingano itoroshye kandi itari imeneyrewe cyane. Mu buryo busanzwe, ibintu byose byigwa hakurikijwe imyumvire isanzwe y’abantu benshi, iyoborwa kandi ishyigikirwa n’abo…
IGIPIMO ISUZUMA RISHINGIRAHO None rero, twibaze: “Ni hehe dushobora kubona igipimo kidufasha gusuzuma ibyo tubona bibera muri twe?” Hari inzira ebyiri zishoboka: gukura igipimo dushingiraho mu kwisuzuma hanze yacu, cyangwa se tukagisanga muri twe ubwacu. Nituramuka duhisemo inzira ya mbere, tuzahita twinjira mu kibazo cyo kudutanya na kamere (alienation) twasobanuye mbere. N’ubwo twaba twaratangiye ubushakashatsi…
