2.3. Itandukaniro ry’inzira zikoreshwa
Ibyo ngiye kuvuga birerekana gusa uburyo buhamye ubwenge bwa muntu bukurikiza, mu gihe bugenda busobanukirwa n’ukuri, bukoresheje impamvu zihagije.
Urugero iyo mvuze nti: (a + b) (a − b) = a² − b², mba mvuga ukuri kw’ibarurishamibare (algebra), ukuri kugize urwego rw’ukuri kw’imibare. None se ngera nte ku mwanzuro wo kuvuga ko (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²? Nkora urugendo runaka. Ntera intambwe ku yindi mu nzira, mu ntangiriro nsa n’uwishishe, mbese nk’uri mu gihu, intambwe ku yindi, kugeza ubwo igihu cyeyutse, maze ngasanga ukuri kweruye, guhamye, guhuje n’ibiriho. Nanyuze mu nzira, ngira aho ngera aho ibintu bigaragarira neza kandi ukuri kukaboneka. Bisa no kunyura mu buvumo (tunnel), hanyuma ukagera ahantu hafunguye ushobora kurebera ibyaremwe byose.
Reka dusuzume izindi ngero ebyiri. Amazi mu binyabitabire ni H₂O. Kugira ngo ngere kuri uyu mwanzuro, sinakemuye ikibazo cy’imibare; nasuzumye ibice bigize amazi maze nandika umusaruro wabyo. Mu rugero rwa gatatu, umuntu ashobora kubaza ati: “Mu bijyanye n’abantu, ni ubuhe burenganzira abagore bafite?” Umuntu afite uburenganzira runaka; umugore na we ni umuntu; bityo rero, afite uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’umugabo. Sinakemuye imibare igoye kugira ngo nsobanukirwe ko umugore afite uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’umugabo; kandi sinanashyize umugore mu isesengura ry’ubutabire (chimie)!
Ahubwo, nakurikiye indi nzira, kandi ageze ku rwego runaka, ihuzabitekerezo (syllogism) ryatumye ukuri kungaragarira neza.
Mu Kigereki, ijambo risobanura inzira ni hodos, naho “ku nzira” cyangwa “unyura mu nzira” bikitwa met’hodon, ari na ho ijambo method rikomoka. Method ikomoka mu Kigereki, naho “procedure” ikomoka mu Kilatini. Iri jambo rigasobanura ukunyura mu nzira ikurikiranya ibyiciro (procedure cyangwa process) umuntu anyura akagera ku kumenya ikintu runaka.
Bityo rero, ubwenge, nk’ubushobozi bwo kumenya no gusobanukirwa n’ukuri cyangwa indangagaciro—ni ukuvuga ukuri uko kugaragara mu mibereho ya muntu—bukurikiza inzira zitandukanye mu kumenya indangagaciro runaka cyangwa ubwoko bw’ukuri. Kubera ko ubwenge busesengura ikintu hashingiwe ku mpamvu n’intambwe zikwiriye, butera kunyura inzira zitandukanye bitewe n’ikintu busuzuma. (Inzira ikoreshwa igenwa n’ikintu gisuzumwa!)
Ubwenge ntibumeze nk’aho bwakomerewe cyangwa bwahagaritswe, nk’uko filozofiya nyinshi zo muri iki gihe zabitekereje, zibugarukiriza ku gikorwa kimwe gusa—logic—cyangwa ku bwoko bumwe bw’ibintu, ari bwo bushobozi runaka bwo gusobanura hakoreshejwe ubunararibonye mu igerageza (empirical demonstration). Ubwenge burenze kure ibyo: ni ubuzima ubwabwo, ubuzima buhanganye n’ubwiyongere n’ubusumbane bugize ukuri, n’ubukire bw’ibiriho. Ubwenge buranyeganyega, buragenda hose, bukanyura mu nzira nyinshi. Nagerageje koroshya ibi byose nkoresheje ingero.
Gukoresha ubwenge buri gihe ni ugushyira mu bikorwa byihariye ubushobozi bwacu bwo kumenya. Ubu bushobozi bukubiyemo inzira nyinshi, uburyo bwinshi n’imigendekere itandukanye, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ikintu gisuzumwa. Ubwenge ntibugira inzira imwe rukumbi; ni bwinshi mu buryo, bukungahaye, bushabutse kandi bugenda.
Iyo tutazirikanye iri hame shingiro, dushobora kugwa mu makosa akomeye. Inzobere mu nzira runaka ya filozofiya cyangwa tewolojiya, iyo zigerageje kwemeza ukuri kwa siyansi, zishobora gukora ikosa nk’iryo bamwe mu bagize Ibiro bikuru bya Papa (Holy Office) byakoze kuri Galileo Galilei: inzobere mu gusobanura Bibiliya (exegèse théologique) zagerageje gutuma Bibiliya ivuga ibyo itashakaga kuvuga. Nyamara Bibiliya ntiyifuzaga na gato gusobanura imiterere y’ikirere n’isi; yavugaga ikurikije imyumvire y’abantu b’icyo gihe, yemeza indangagaciro z’iyobokamana n’imyitwarire ikwiye.
