Igitabo cyanditswe na Padiri Luigi Giussani gihindurwa mu Kinyarwanda na Mutabaruka Romuald. Kigerageza gusonanura inkomoko y’imyemerere muri rusange n’imyemerere ya gikristu by’umwihariko. Muri make Luigi Giussani ashaka gufasha Muntu kwiyumva, kwimenya, no gukoresha neza ubwenge Imana yamuhaye mu nyungu ze bwite n’iz’umuryango-muntu muri rusange.
INTANGIRIRO
ICYIYUMVO CY’IYOBOKAMANA
Iki gitabo kigizwe n’ibitabo bitatu (trilogy) nta kindi kigamije uretse kwemeza ukuri. Intego yacyo ni Ukugaragaza uko ikibazo cy’Ubukristu cyavutse, ndetse no mu mateka. N’ubwo uko ibice by’iki gitabo bikurikirana bitavuga ko bikemura ibibazo byose mu buryo busesuye, bigaragaza inzira igomba gukurikizwa: gukoresha ubwenge n’inyurabwenge (reasonableness). Imana, mu by’ukuri, yihishura mu gihe no mu mwanya (time and space), igasubiza ku cyifuzo nyakuri cy’umuntu.
Muri iki gihe, akenshi havugwa ko ubwenge (reason) nta sano bufite n’ukwemera (faith). Ariko se ukwemera ni iki? Ubwenge bwo ni iki?
Imyumvire y’iki gihe igabanya uruhare rw’ubwenge irugarukiriza ku kuba icyiciro cy’amatsinda y’ibitekerezo aho ukuri kugomba kwinjizwa ku ngufu, kandi ikintu cyose kidahuye n’ayo matsinda kigafatwa nk’ikidafite ishingiro ryumvikana (irrational). Nyamara ubwenge ni nk’ijisho ryitegereza ukuri, rikakwakira rishishikaye, rikamenya amasano n’ingaruka zayo, rikinjira mu ndiba y’ukuri, rikava ku kintu kimwe rikajya ku kindi ariko rikabibika byose mu bwenge, rigerageza gusobanukirwa n’ibintu byose muri rusange. Umuntu ahura n’ukuri akoresheje ubwenge. Ubwenge ni bwo butugira abantu. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, tugomba kugira ishyaka ryo gukurikiza ubwenge n’ubumvikane, kandi iri shyaka ni ryo mugozi uzaduyobora muri iki kiganiro. Ni yo mpamvu igitabo cya mbere cy’iyi trilogy, The Religious Sense (Icyiyumvo cy’Iyobokamana), gitangira n’amahame atatu y’uburyo bwo kwiga (methodological premises), agamije kudufasha gusobanukirwa uko umutimanama w’umuntu, ku bwawo karemano, ukora ugatekereza.
1.1. IHAME RYA MBERE: GUSOBANUKIRWA KWISHINGIKIRIJE UKURI (REALISM)
Igitekerezo remezo
Kugira ngo dusuzume insanganyamatsiko y’icyiyumvo cy’iyobokamana mu buryo busobanutse kandi bityo bukarushaho kuba ingirakamaro, nzashingira uburyo bw’iki gitabo ku mahame atatu. Mu gutangiza irya mbere muri ayo mahame, ndifashisha amagambo akurikira avuye mu gitabo cya Alexis Carrel Reflections on Life:
“Mu bworoherane butuje bw’isi ya kijyambere, uruhurirane rw’amategeko gakondo rwatangaga umutuzo mu buzima rwarasenyutse, nk’uko ikibumbe cy’urubura cyari kibundikiye umugezi gisenyuka iyo igihe cy’itumba kirangiye (spring) […] Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, igice kinini cy’imbogamizi isi (cosmos) yadushyiragaho cyavuyeho, kandi hamwe na zo havaho n’imbogamizi zijyanye n’imbaraga zasabwaga ku muntu uhanga ku giti […] Imipaka iri hagati y’icyiza n’ikibi yazimiriye mu gihu cy’ingengabitekerezo zinyuranye (ideologies), ibyifuzo bihindagurika n’irari […] Nk’uko buri wese abizi, kwitegereza gake, impaka zikaba nyinshi bibyara kwibeshya; naho kwitegereza cyane, mukaganira gake bikayobora ku kuri.”1
“Mu bworoherane butuje bw’isi ya kijyambere, uruhurirane rw’amategeko gakondo rwatangaga umutuzo mu buzima rwarasenyutse, nk’uko ikibumbe cy’urubura cyari kibundikiye umugezi gisenyuka iyo igihe cy’itumba kirangiye (spring) […] Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, igice kinini cy’imbogamizi isi (cosmos) yadushyiragaho cyavuyeho, kandi hamwe na zo havaho n’imbogamizi zijyanye n’imbaraga zasabwaga ku muntu uhanga ku giti […] Imipaka iri hagati y’icyiza n’ikibi yazimiriye mu gihu cy’ingengabitekerezo zinyuranye (ideologies), ibyifuzo bihindagurika n’irari […] Nk’uko buri wese abizi, kwitegereza gake, impaka zikaba nyinshi bibyara kwibeshya; naho kwitegereza cyane, mukaganira gake bikayobora ku kuri.”
Ndifuza guhagarara aha gato ngo mvuge ko muri aya magambo Carrel akoresha imvugo y’umuntu wahariye ubuzima bwe bwose kwiga siyansi (twibuke ko yari yaratsindiye igihembo cya Nobel mu buvuzi akiri muto): ijambo “discussion” rishobora gusimburwa neza n’imvugo igira iti “impaka zikoreshwa mu gukorera ingengabitekerezo.” Mu by’ukuri, Carrel arakomeza agira ati, iki gihe cyacu ni igihe cy’ingengabitekerezo, aho aho kwiga ku kuri mu nzego zako zose no kukubakiraho, dushaka kugoreka ukuri tukugenzura dukurikije ibitekrezo bipanze neza byaremwe n’ubwenge bwacu; “bityo intsinzi y’ingengabitekerezo ikemeza itsindwa ry’umuco w’iterambere ry’abantu (civilization).”²
- Alexis Carrel, Reflections on Life, translated by Antonia White (London:
Hamish Hamilton, 1952), 21, 23. - Carrel, Reflections, 26.
